《植物生理学报》 2010, 46(10): 1045-1049

洋葱小孢子母细胞减数分裂过程中微管分布变化

张亚楠¹, 王雅英², 王宏毅³, 林石明³, 田惠桥^1,*

1 厦门大学生命科学学院, 福建厦门 361005; 2 厦门医学高等专科学校, 福建厦门 361008; 3 厦门出入境检验检疫局检验检疫 技术中心, 福建厦门 361026

通信作者：田惠桥；E-mail: hqtian@xmu.edu.cn；Tel: 0592-2186486

摘　要：

应用间接免疫荧光标记技术和激光共聚焦扫描显微镜成像技术观察洋葱小孢子母细胞减数分裂过程中微管分布变化。 减数分裂之前, 小孢子母细胞中的微管较短, 呈辐射状, 由细胞核表面向四周扩散。减数分裂开始后, 细胞质中的一部分微 管蛋白聚集成纺锤体微管, 控制染色体的分布。进入减数分裂 I后期, 纺锤体微管变为牵引染色体移向两极的着丝粒微管 和连接纺锤体两极的极丝微管。之后, 所有微管集中在两个核之间, 构成成膜体。然后, 微管解聚成微管蛋白弥散在细胞 质中。减数分裂 I完成后, 二分体 2 个子细胞中的微管蛋白又聚集成 2 个纺锤体微管, 开始减数分裂II 过程。经过减数分裂II 中期, 2 个二分体细胞中的微管再次集中在2 个细胞核之间形成成膜体, 隔离2 个细胞核。此后, 微管蛋白解聚, 弥散分布

关键词：洋葱; 小孢子发生; 微管

收稿：2010-07-01   修定：2010-09-07

资助：国家自然科学基金(30970275)

Microtubule Distribution and Change during Meiosis of Microspore Mother Cells of Allium cepa L.

ZHANG Ya-Nan¹, WANG Ya-Ying², WANG Hong-Yi³, LIN Shi-Ming³, TIAN Hui-Qiao^1,*

¹School of Life Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China; ²Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, Fujian 361008,China; ³Inspection and Quarantine Technology Center, Xiamen Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Xiamen, Fujian 361026, China

Corresponding author: TIAN Hui-Qiao; E-mail: hqtian@xmu.edu.cn; Tel: 0592-2186486

Abstract:

Microtubules change during microsporogenesis of Allium cepa was studied using immunofluorescence and confocal laser scanning photomicrographic techniques. Before meiosis of microspore mother cells, the microtubules in the cell cytoplasm were short and spread from nucleus to periplasm. At the beginning of meiosis, the microtubulin in the cells concentrated to form spindle microtubules for regular chromosome position. After metaphase I, some spindle microtubules became centromeric microtubules which shorted to pull chromosomes toward two polarities and some polar microtubules which connected two polarities. In telophase I, centromeric and polar microtubules disappeared completely, and some new microtubules accumulated between two nuclei to form phragmoplast. Then, phragmoplast microtubules depolymerized as microtubulin to disperse in the cytoplasm of two dyad cells. At the beginning of meiosis II, the tubulin in two dyad cells accumulated again to form spindle microtubules to regulate chromosome movement. In the telophase of meiosis II, microtubules accumulated again between two dyad nuclei to form phragmoplast for two nuclei separation. Then, the microtubules depolymerized to become microtubulin and dispersed in cytoplasm of tetrad microspores.

Key words: Allium cepa; microsporogenesis; microtubule